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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:
Shubat, probiotic fermented camel milk, has been used both as a drink with ethnic flavor and a medicine among Kazakh population for diabetic patients. Kazakh people have lower diabetic prevalence and impaired fastin g glucose (IFG) than do other ethnic groups living in Xinjiang China, which might be related to the beneficial properties of shubat. We therefore prepared shubat in laboratory and tested anti - diabetic activity and evaluated its possible hypolipidemic and r enoprotective effects in type 2 diabetic rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Type 2 diabetic rats were induced by an administration of high - glucose - fat diet for 6 weeks and an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 30mg/kg). Diabetic rats were divided randomly into four groups and treated for 28 days with sitagliptin (30mg/kg) or shubat (6.97 × 10(6) lactic acid bacteria+2.20 × 10(4) yeasts) CFU/mL, (6.97 × 10(7) lactic acid bacteria+2.20 × 10(5) yeasts) CFU/mL and (6.97 × 10(8) lactic acid bacteria+2.20 × 10(6) ye asts) CFU/mL. In addition, a normal control group and a diabetic control group were used for comparison. All drugs were given orally once daily 10mL/kg for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight (BW) were measured before treatment and every w eek thereafter. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL - c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL - c), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), C - peptide, glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), glucagon - like peptide - 1 (GLP - 1) levels and pancreas tissue sections were tested after 4 weeks.
RESULTS:
Shubat demonstrated positive hypoglycemic activity on FBG, HbAlc, C - peptide and GLP - 1 levels, high dose shubat decreased FBG (P<0.01) and HbAlc (P<0.05), increased C - peptide (P<0.05) and GLP - 1 (P<0.01), decreased serum TC, TG, LDL - c (P<0.05), increased HDL - c (P<0.01), and improved the reduction of body weight as well as decreased SCr and BUN levels (P<0.01) compared to diabetic controls. Histological analysis showed sh ubat protected the function of islets of type 2 diabetic rats.
DISCUSSION:
The results of this study indicate that shubat has significant hypoglycemic potential in T2D rats and may modulate lipid metabolism and protect renal function in the type 2 diabetic condition, which might be related to various probiotics acting through promoting the release of GLP - 1 and improving the function of β - cells.